233 papers
This Mendelian randomisation phenome-wide association study provides causal evidence that higher sedentary behaviour and lower physical activity significantly increase the risk of numerous diseases across multiple body systems, highlighting them as key targets for reducing multimorbidity.
Using a multi-model ensemble approach, this study projects that for the 2025-26 US COVID-19 season, a broad vaccination campaign targeting all eligible individuals and initiated earlier in the year (late June) would avert the most hospitalizations compared to a high-risk-only or later (mid-August) rollout.
A cross-sectional analysis in Negelle-Arsi District, Ethiopia, demonstrates that integrated WASH interventions significantly improved water access, sanitation, hygiene practices, and child health outcomes compared to non-intervention areas.
This study utilizes objective variable selection via principal component analysis and Bayesian linear mixed-effects models to identify significant social determinants of health and spatial clusters associated with adverse birth outcomes in Louisiana, thereby validating previous findings and informing targeted maternal health interventions.
This cross-sectional study in Bangladesh reveals that while knowledge and positive attitudes toward Caesarean sections vary significantly by residence, income, family structure, and prior delivery history, higher knowledge is strongly linked to more positive attitudes, underscoring the need for targeted antenatal education and counseling to promote informed decision-making.
Analyzing data from 2,786 US adolescents and emerging adults in the ECHO consortium, this study identified four distinct latent classes of tobacco, ENDS, and cannabis use and environmental exposure that vary by developmental stage, underscoring the need for tailored interventions that address both active substance use and environmental co-exposures.
This paper demonstrates how the COM-B behavior change model was applied to a qualitative study in Osun State, Nigeria, to identify key drivers and barriers and subsequently design targeted social and behavior change messages that enhance the uptake of Perennial Malaria Chemoprevention through the routine immunization platform.
This study provides the first empirical evidence from Lusaka, Zambia, that courier food carriers are significantly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, identifying infrequent cleaning and carrier design as primary risk factors that necessitate strengthened hygiene protocols within the national food safety framework.
This prospective cohort study of STEM graduate students demonstrates that daily physical activity buffers the negative impact of high emotional distress on heart rate variability, suggesting that wearable-guided, just-in-time physical activity interventions could improve autonomic regulation and mental health.
This feasibility study demonstrates that an online mindfulness program for older adults is both feasible and acceptable, successfully meeting recruitment targets and achieving high session completion rates, thereby warranting a full-scale trial to assess its clinical and cost-effectiveness.
This pre-post intervention study of three Italian hospital canteens found that while educational and environmental measures led to partial improvements in food choices, the meals remained nutritionally imbalanced and environmentally unsustainable, suggesting that modifying the actual food supply is necessary for more significant impact.
This study of over 455,000 adults in the Upper Midwest reveals that individual socioeconomic status is a stronger predictor of chronic disease prevalence than rurality, as rural-urban disparities largely disappear after adjusting for socioeconomic factors.
A 2025 pilot study in Bangladesh demonstrates that a cognitive AI system designed to replicate the full clinical workflow, rather than merely providing risk scores, achieved high diagnostic accuracy (94.7%) across 277 patient encounters, suggesting its potential to effectively address physician shortages and enhance primary care delivery.
This study demonstrates that a carefully calibrated stacked ensemble machine learning model, trained on readily available electronic medical record data from the All of Us Research Program, can effectively predict heart failure with high accuracy (ROC-AUC 0.927) and provide clinically actionable risk stratification for early diagnosis and proactive care.
This modeling study projects that bivalent HPV vaccination in 117 low- and middle-income countries could prevent approximately 4.8 million non-cervical cancer cases and 3 million deaths among women by 2100, with the greatest relative benefits expected in the African Region, thereby strengthening the public health case for expanding vaccine access and addressing global health disparities.
This qualitative study of 22 religious leaders in Bauchi State, Nigeria, reveals that while most support childhood immunization as compatible with their faith, persistent misinformation and trust issues remain, suggesting that structured engagement with these leaders and improved health service delivery are crucial strategies for increasing vaccine uptake.
This study developed and validated an XGBoost machine learning model using a large harmonized dataset from South Africa and Zambia that significantly outperformed the standard WHO four-symptom screen in predicting tuberculosis risk among adults, although its performance did not yet fully meet WHO 2025 target product profile goals.
This prospective UK cohort study of 3,794 young adults found that most prospectively measured adverse childhood experiences are associated with slightly increased odds of moderate-risk to problem gambling in young adulthood, though the effect sizes are small, the evidence for a dose-response relationship is weak, and the findings require cautious interpretation due to wide confidence intervals.
This paper presents a national "atlas" characterizing the mechanisms, prevalence, and dynamics of decarceration across 2,870 U.S. counties from 1999 to 2019, identifying four distinct operational types and revealing significant sub-state heterogeneity to serve as a framework for studying decarceration's health effects.
This cross-sectional study of 300 street food vendors in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, reveals that poor hygiene practices, inadequate knowledge, and financial constraints drive high levels of microbial contamination, underscoring the urgent need for targeted education and regulatory interventions to ensure food safety.